Hirola Breeding & Re-wilding Program

Background & History

The Ishaqbini Hirola Sanctuary was established in 2013 as a critical conservation stronghold for the critically endangered hirola (Beatragus hunteri). With fewer than 500 individuals remaining in the wild, the sanctuary was created to protect a genetically viable population through a dedicated breeding and rewilding initiative. The founding population consisted of 48 hirola, and through sustained conservation efforts, the population has since grown to an estimated 120 individuals—a significant milestone in the species' recovery.

Population Monitoring

We conduct regular monitoring of the hirola population in the sanctuary while recording key metrics such as birth rates, survival, and overall health that we analyze to assess growth trends and inform future breeding strategies. This systematic approach helps maintain a robust and genetically diverse population.

Re-introduction ecology and pre-release plan

We conduct reintroductions of the critically endangered hirola to restore viable populations in its native range. We select habitats with adequate forage availability while minimizing livestock competition. We also prioritize genetic management due to the species' small population, carefully selecting founder individuals to maintain diversity. Additionally, we conduct behavioural research to assess anti-predator responses in sanctuary-bred hirola, exposing them to predator cues and human disturbances to evaluate their threat recognition. We use these findings to develop pre-release conditions that will enhance released hirola survival skills. We monitor released individuals long-term to track survival, reproduction, and habitat use.

Habitat & Fence Impact Assessment

We monitor the sanctuary’s perimeter fencing to understand its ecological effects on hirola movement, vegetation, and wildlife interactions. Key assessments include:

• Vegetation changes: We compare browse availability and habitat quality inside and outside the sanctuary.
• Wildlife interactions: We document how fencing influences predator-prey dynamics and the movement of other species, such as elephants and lions.

Release & Post-Release Strategy

To maintain a sustainable hirola population in the sanctuary considering its carrying capacity, select individuals are strategically reintroduced into their native habitat over years. The release strategy has been developed in collaboration with the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) among other partners, with hirola being relocated to the larger Ishaqbini Conservancy. Potential release sites are carefully assessed based on landscape suitability and evidence of existing population viability.

Our post-release monitoring adheres to global best practices, tracking key metrics such as population demographics, behaviour, and ecological impact. To ensure long-term success, a dedicated monitoring team comprising our rangers and personnel from partner organizations conducts 24/7 surveillance. Additionally, scout patrols systematically monitor carcasses at kill sites to evaluate predation risks and other emerging threats.